Quality of Experience Issues: Levelling the Content Creation Playing Field (ft. Dalet)

This article was co-authored by Dalet’s Solutions Architect, Brett Chambers, and Bitmovin’s Solution Director APAC, Adrian Britton
Not all content is created equal, especially when you’re a publishing house and your content arrives from multiple sources. But that doesn’t mean that your viewer’s quality of experience (QoE) needs to suffer as a result. 
In this blog post, we discuss some of the typical failure modes that we see in mezzanine content, and how the combination of Dalet’s Ooyala Flex Media Platform and Bitmovin’s Encoding joint solution can help mitigate them with technical metadata, black bar removal, deinterlacing, colour correction, and more! We cover some of the top issues that affect a viewer’s quality of experience and how our solutions can help your organization resolve them. 

Quality Matters – Factors that affect viewer experience

There are countless factors that can negatively affect your subscribers’ experience – luckily most of them can be resolved with a simple combination of accurate meta-data and specific dashboard inputs. For your convenience we’ve organized the top six factors that will make the most positive impact on your workflow:

Black Bar removal

Perhaps one of the most noticeable factors that may affect a viewer’s Quality of Experience is the addition of those pesky Black Bars that appear on both sides of a video player during playback. Bars or letter-box artifacts occur when an asset of a non-conforming aspect ratio is introduced somewhere in the workflow. A mezzanine asset typically would not see this, but where content has moved through upstream systems – the likelihood increases. Typically Bitmovin’s tools initiate a black bar removal if either an asset’s technical metadata requires it or the Ooyala Flex ingest path determines it necessary.  
For correction, Bitmovin encode contains a cropping filter, which can be controlled through the Ooyala Flex Media Platform to remove the required pixels or frame percentage, thus correcting the image. You can see this process below:
[bg_collapse view=”button-blue” color=”#f7f5f5″ icon=”eye” expand_text=”Show Bitmovin API Reference” collapse_text=”Hide Bitmovin API Reference” ]
CropFilter{

[/bg_collapse]
Some of the aspect ratio issues that may come up within the Pixel Aspect Ratio (PAR), Storage Aspect Ratio (SAR), and/or Display Aspect Ratio (DAR). The ideal AR should be as follows:

• PAR: the aspect ratio of the video pixels themselves. For 576i, it’s 59:54 or 1.093.
• SAR: the dimensions of the video frame, expressed as a ratio. For a 576i video, this is 5:4 (720×576).
• DAR: the aspect ratio the video should be played back at. For SD video, this is 16:9.

Technical metadata detection within Ooyala Flex will, in most cases, correctly determine the aspect ratio characteristics, allowing the encoding profile in Bitmovin’s dashboard to be adjusted automatically. These are all characteristics of a video asset. Getting it wrong either in detection, encoding, or playback results in squashed video playback. 

Colour-Correction

Bitmovin’s encoder contains a powerful set of color space, color range, and color primary manipulation logic. While not a full color-grading solution, the encoding workflow can easily be modified to correct for color issues commonly found in mezzanine formats.
[bg_collapse view=”button-blue” color=”#f7f5f5″ icon=”eye” expand_text=”Show Bitmovin API Reference” collapse_text=”Hide Bitmovin API Reference” ]

[/bg_collapse]

Deinterlacing

Interlacing or deinterlacing can be used to drastically improve the visual performance of your fast-moving content. When manipulating these aspects of the encode it’s important to have a full view of the input asset making the decision to trigger these ‘filters’ for either content of a particular source, a particular technical metadata characteristic, or as part of a human-driven QA process.
[bg_collapse view=”button-blue” color=”#f7f5f5″ icon=”eye” expand_text=”Show Bitmovin API Reference” collapse_text=”Hide Bitmovin API Reference” ]

DeinterlaceFilter{

[/bg_collapse]

Conformance (FPS)

Source content is unlikely to always be captured at the same frame-rate. US-sourced content can range from 29.97 FPS to capture rate of 25/50 FPS – or even faster! Although the normal role of the encoder is to conform all inputs to a given frame-per-second, especially when ad-insertion is used, there are also some use cases where certain content coming through certain workflows need to maintain different (and higher) values.
[bg_collapse view=”button-blue” color=”#f7f5f5″ icon=”eye” expand_text=”Show Bitmovin API Reference” collapse_text=”Hide Bitmovin API Reference” ]

ConformFilter{

[/bg_collapse]

Post/Precuts

Rarely will content start exactly where you want it to, be it color-bars or lead-in titles, or simply a longer form recording that runs too long. Being able to clip out a beginning by X seconds and clip out an end at Y seconds can avoid the costly exercise of offlining content for craft editing. The Ooyala Flex-powered workflow can control clip-in and clip-out parameters, automating ingest where required.

Audio-Levelling

Some content is loud, some content is quiet. The audio-filter allows all or selected content to have its volume adjusted, thereby creating a uniform viewer experience. 
[bg_collapse view=”button-blue” color=”#f7f5f5″ icon=”eye” expand_text=”Show Bitmovin API Reference” collapse_text=”Hide Bitmovin API Reference” ]

AudioVolumeFilter{

[/bg_collapse]

How will you overcome Quality of Experience issues?

To summarize there are six key factors that often affect a user’s QoE: black bars, poor coloring, incorrect lacing for visual quality, non-optimized FPS, content length, and inappropriate audio volume. So, how do you overcome the most glaring Quality of Experience issue: aspect ratio-related issues?

How to detect Aspect Ratio-related Quality of Experience issues

When it comes to content preparation, everything really starts with the Ooyala Flex Media Platform, extracting Technical Metadata from incoming media. This critical step extracts information such as format, framerate, frame size, colour space, D.A.R., P.A.R., codecs, bitrates, and specific details for codecs in use (e.g. GOP structures, profiles, audio sample rates and bit-depths), audio track counts, timecode start time and duration. 

The evaluation of the technical side of our media is a great start, but what about validation of the media essence?

The Ooyala Flex Media Platform incorporates a number of tools that allow clients to effortlessly integrate with external products; a perfect example of this integration is for automated quality control, such as Dalet AmberFin. Automated QC reports from external products can be analysed by Ooyala Flex, workflow orchestration can take remedial action to correct any QC issues, and submit corrected media to automated QC again to ensure compliance.

• Contact Dalet
• Contact Bitmovin